For each question, cite all sources. Reputable secondary sources are acceptable (e.g., textbook, Mayo Clinic, National Institutes of Health, Merck Manual, etc.). The level of detail in your responses should match or exceed our lecture material. Within-text citation is not required. Rather, one or more sources should follow the response to each question.
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1. Research one specific prescription drug that falls into the category known as diuretics. For the chosen drug, provide the generic name and brand name(s).
Describe its mechanism of action at the cellular level.
Demonstrate an understanding of how the drug causes the kidneys to excrete more water.
Describe how the drug is cleared from the body, including all routes and any metabolic steps.
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2. A man arrives in the emergency room. His primary complaint is “difficulty breathing” for the lastseveral days. A blood test reveals arterial PCO2 of 46mmHg and blood pH of 7.31.
Is the man hypoventilating or hyperventilating? Explain.
Use the chemical equations we covered in class to explain the relationship between blood
PCO2 and blood pH.
Would a urinalysis mostly likely show a lower-than-normal or higher-than-normal urine pH in this
patient? Briefly explain why.
Would intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate be an appropriate treatment? Explain
why or why not?
3. Explain the following three digestive system reflexes. Describe (i) types and locations of sensory input, (ii) motor output, and (iii) the overall function or purpose of each reflex. Where hormones are involved, it is acceptable to limit the discussion to the roles of gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK). (Although many more gut hormones may be involved, they are not required for full credit.)
Gastroileal reflex
Gastrocolic reflex
Enterogastric reflex