Ryan H 8-3 Science Mrs. Roulston Light and Optics Lab My Lab Question How will light react when different lenses are put on front of it? Materials * Ray box * Single convex lens * Glass of water * Double concave lens * Double convex lens * Single concave lens * Ray Box Slider Procedure 1. Turn on ray box and place concave lense in front of the light.* 2. Replace concave lense with convex lens*, convex lens, double concave lens*, and double convex lens.* 3. After taking observations on lenses, join both lenses to make a convexo concave lens and take observations* 4. Turn off ray box, and put everything away *Take observations the step is completed Hypothesis I believe when the light from the ray box goes through the double convex lens, it will bend inward and create a focal point because the angles of the double convex lens will cause the light to converge. I think the focal point of the single convex lens will be further apart from the lens, as the other side of the lens is straight, as the double convex lens had an angle for the light to converge closer to the lens. As for the double concave lens, I predict the light will bend outwards, and the beam of light in the middle will stay straight. The concave lens will do the same, but not at such an aggressive angle. I think nothing will happen with the Convexo concave lens. I’m not sure how to explain it, but a concave light bends light outwards, and a convex lens bends light inwards. A convexo concave lens is a concave and a convex lens joined together, and I feel like it will cancel out the way the light bends and it will remain as straight beams of light as it was before it went through the lens. Variables Manipulating Variable The way the beams of light come out going through the lenses Responding Variable The lenses that are put in front of the ray box Controlled Variable Ray Box Angle of light coming out of ray box Discussion Questions * Explain why the sources light reacted differently through different lenses * Why should is this important? * Why does light react oddly when placed behind a cup of glass? Possible flaws in this Lab * The angle of the ray box could be off * The angle of the lens may be off * Lens may have not been parallel from ray box * The angle may have been mismeasured * May have been too bright in the classroom so you couldn't see the light from the ray box * Angle of light coming out of ray box could be closer together/ further apart Observations Type of Lens Double Concave Double Convex Convex Concave Convexo concave lens Ray Box - 15 degrees outwards** -The ray box was 6 centimeters away from the lens -15 degrees inwards* -The ray box was 6 centimeters away from the lens -10 degrees iwards* -Focal point was 10.5 centimeters away from the lens -Ray box was 6 centimeters away from the ray box -10 degrees outwards** -6 cm away from the ray box -The beams of light is just like the way it was before it went through the lens -The ray box was located 6 centimeters away from the lens. t *We measured from the focal point to the beams of light coming from the lens **We measured from the beams of light coming out of the lens to the beams of light before it went through the lens * The light beams of light that went through the middle of the lens thickened. The beams of light remained the same in brightness after coming out of the lenses as it did before going through the lenses * The focal point of the convex lenses were very focused, and the light beams continued to travel after the focal point Conclusion My predictions were correct. I predicted correctly that convex lenses would converge, concave lenses would angle outwards, and the convexo concave lens would remain the same. The angle of the double concave was more obtuse than the single lens, which I had predicted. The double convex lens was more acute than the plano convex, with a 5 degree difference. I found how I predicted that the convexo concave lens’ angle would be the same as before going through the lens very surprisingly, as I really had no reasoning to backup my prediction. So What??? Knowing about lenses is very important, as it is used in real life daily. The human eye is like a lens; the crystalline lens of the eyeball is shaped like a double convex lens, and it has an index of refraction (shows how much light propagates through a medium) of 1.44. We also see double convex lenses in objects that magnify things; cameras, telescopes, magnifying glasses, binoculars, and microscopes. In convex lenses, parallel light rays passing through it bend inward and meet at a spot known as the focal point. They bring distant light rays to a focus in your eyes. Convex lenses can be a treatment for longsighteness. They are placed in front of the hypermetropic eye, moving the image forward and focusing it correctly on the retina. Concave lenses are used as well, but they are not as useful as convex lenses. They can be seen in flashlights; it greatly enlarges the size of the beam of light. In projectors, they are used as well. They can enlarge the image projected by zooming in or out. Similar to convex lenses, they can treat nearsighted eyes by placing the concave lens in front of a myopic eye, moving the image back to the retina and making it clearer. We should know about lenses as they are a very useful treatment to people with near sightedness/long sightedness. They are used in many electronic devices and objects that magnify things. Without concave and convex lenses it would have been a lot harder to develop binoculars and telescopes; another crucial branch in the world of science. Zooming in on cameras is also very useful as we can gather great information about nature and landscapes that are far away from the camera. Photography has greatly developed due to the invention of lenses. The History of Lenses Between the 11th and 13th century, the plano convex lens was invented by cutting a glass sphere in half. Roger Bacon invented the concave lens in 1250, but they started getting used in the 1400’s. In 1611, Galileo’s telescope was improved by replacing the concave lens with a convex lens. The Science Behind Lenses Lenses work by refraction. It bends light rays as they pass through it so they change direction. This means the rays seem to come from a point that's closer or further away from where they actually start, and that's what makes objects seen through a lens seem either bigger or smaller than they really are. The three main properties of light are: They bend light, they focus light, and they can magnify (convex lens) or demagnify (concave lens). Light rays passing through the centre of a lens do not deviate from their path before going through the lens When parallel rays of light pass through a lens with convex spheroidal surfaces, they are brought to a focus. The distance of the focal point from the lens is called the focal length, f. Works Cited (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2018, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/concave-lens-definition-uses.html Chegg.com. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2018, from http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/crystalline-lens-human-eye-double-convex-lens-made-material-index-refraction-144-although--q5281998 History of optics. (2018, February 15). Retrieved February 17, 2018, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_optics How do lenses work? | What are the different types of lens? (2017, May 07). Retrieved February 17, 2018, from http://www.explainthatstuff.com/lenses.html Myopia & Hypermetropia | Near & Long Sightedness | Vision Express. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2018, from https://www.visionexpress.com/eye-health/eye-conditions/myopia-hypermetropia/ Optics for Kids - Concave vs Convex Lenses. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2018, from https://www.synopsys.com/optical-solutions/learn/optics-for-kids/lenses.html Plano-Concave Lenses. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2018, from http://eksmaoptics.com/optical-components/lenses/plano-concave-lenses/ Science, C. (2016, June 28). Double Convex Lenses. Retrieved February 17, 2018, from https://www.ck12.org/physics/double-convex-lenses/lesson/Images-in-Double-Convex-Lenses-PHYS/ What are some real life examples of concave lenses? | Socratic. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2018, from https://socratic.org/questions/what-are-some-real-life-examples-of-concave-lenses